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In spite of many fold advancement made in concrete technology and ability to produce high quality concrete, it has not been possible to really make waterproof structures. The problem of waterproofing of roofs, walls, bathrooms, toilets, kitchens, basements, swimming pools and water tanks etc. have not been much reduced. There are number of materials and methods available in the country for waterproofing purposes. But most of them fail due to one or the other reasons. Waterproofing has remained as an unsolved complex problem. A successful waterproofing not only depends upon the quality and durability of material but also the workmanship, environment and type of structures.

Waterproofing is the formation of an impervious barrier which is designed to prevent water entering or escaping from various sections of building structures. Its main purpose is to resist hydrostatic pressure exerted by moisture in the liquid state. Waterproofing is one of the most important parameters considered in the construction of building and structures to prevent leakages, dampness etc. and making the structures more durable.

The joints between the flooring and door frame and joints between the tile and W/C pan allow the water to seep below. Leakage in toilets, bathrooms, walls and terraces leads to dampness, which may results in microbial growth and creates unhealthy conditions. Seepage also creates problems in electrical fittings. All of these issues can be addressed with appropriate waterproofing solutions. Traditional waterproofing materials and repellents usually form a surface film, which is susceptible to heat, abrasion and UV radiation and thus provide only short-term protection.

Many latest advanced technologies for waterproofing are being used worldwide to achieve long term protection solutions, including integral waterproofing systems and more sophisticated membrane materials. Manufacturers are now offering new, long-lasting, and environmentally friendly solutions onto the market while keeping the environment, safety, and health of consumers as their top priorities. One such advanced waterproofing system is waterproofing coatings created by using nanotechnology.

There has been a rise in nanotechnology research in recent years, and nanotechnology is now used in many aspects of daily life. One of the most well-known applications of nanotechnology in modern life is the use of ceramic coating for waterproofing. Water, oil, dirt, and other dry particles are repelled by nano coating, which are surface layers that are hydrophobic (water repellent) and oleophobic (oil repellent). Dry surface applications make use of superhydrophobic coatings.

Nanotechnology offers many such advanced waterproofing materials which can help in making durable structures. Waterproofing coatings created by using nanotechnology has the potential to make waterproofing faster, safer, cheaper and more varied, resulting in smart construction. Surfaces and joints can be coated with a high hydrophobicity eco-friendly nano coating to make them permanently watertight. Coating resists oxidation, corrosion, ice, UV rays, high temperatures, and chemical substances. It can be applied to a variety of surfaces and self-cleans when it rains. The colour of the surface are applied to remains unchanged when nano coatings are used.

The nano coating mechanism involves applying a thin layer of nanoparticles onto the surface to be treated. These nanoparticles form a protective barrier that repels water molecules upon contact and prevents it from seeping through. The hydrophobic nature of these particles creates a surface tension that causes water droplets to bead up and roll off, rather than being absorbed or spreading across the surface. This coating is composed of nanoparticles that are smaller than 100 nanometers in size, allowing them to penetrate even the tiniest pores and imperfections on various materials. Because of their small size, the molecules flows through the pores branches inside the substrate. Normally they are applied as water solution though other solvent may also be used as indicated by manufacturer. Such water proofing compounds are found to be very efficient in covering the surface and provide deep penetration as below:

(a) They withstand hydraulic pressure generated by high wind driven rains.

(b) They give protection against micro cracks

(c) They also protect the structures from water damage after abrasion due to heavy traffic or natural weathering of the surface

(d) Protects the reinforcement from corrosion.

Benefits

By harnessing the power of nanotechnology, this innovative approach has revolutionized traditional methods of waterproofing by providing enhanced durability and long-lasting results. The use of nanotechnology in waterproofing has opened up new possibilities for construction industry. Its versatility allows it to be applied on a wide range of materials including concrete, metal, glass, wood, and plastics.

The benefits of nano treatment waterproofing are numerous. Firstly, it provides exceptional water repellency, ensuring that surfaces remain dry even under heavy rainfall or exposure to liquids. This makes it highly effective for protecting buildings, infrastructure, and other surfaces from water-related damage such as leaks, mold growth, and structural deterioration.

Furthermore, nano treatment offers excellent resistance against UV radiation, chemicals, and abrasion. It enhances the lifespan of treated surfaces by preventing degradation caused by these external factors.

Additionally, its self-cleaning properties reduce the need for frequent maintenance and cleaning efforts. Due to the superhydrophobic nature of the coated surface, dirt, dust, and other contaminants have difficulty adhering to it. When water comes into contact with the treated surface, it picks up any loose particles and carries them away, leaving behind a clean and pristine appearance.

One of the key benefits of nano waterproof coatings is their superior durability. Traditional methods often require frequent reapplications to maintain their effectiveness, whereas nano treatments offer long-lasting protection. The nano-sized particles penetrate deep into the surface, creating a strong bond that resists wear and tear, ensuring prolonged waterproofing performance.

Since nano waterproofing coats are UV stable, applying them to the surface helps to prevent discolouration or yellowing. This can be a big deal especially for buildings with white exterior surfaces that are exposed to the sun’s UV rays for long hours. Essentially, the nano waterproofing coat would be lengthening the life span of the surface’s coat of paint.

Through spray application, the nano waterproofing coat can be applied efficiently and evenly. The nano mist adheres well to materials commonly found in most homes and offices – concrete, cement and masonry. Given their wide usage and benefits, the usage of nanotechnology is a must when constructing or maintaining buildings and structures.